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The green hills of Radunia

Nature in a small space created something like a lens of Kashubian landscape. It is enchanted by countless hills, picturesque valleys, forests cut by deep ravines, at the bottom of which streams collect water in spring and autumn, supplying lakes and ponds with it. It is a perfect place to relax in nature. A unique landscape is the Reknica Jar Reserve - an extremely charming Natura 2000 area at the turn of the Reknica River. The slopes of the valley are covered with oak and riparian forests. There are numerous endemic species of both flora (of submontane character) and fauna. A special place is occupied by the queen of Kashubian rivers - Radunia, which has a typically mountainous character. Its spring is located in Raduńskie Lake, and it is there that the tourist kayaking trail - called the hydroelectric power plant trail - starts. On the route we will see several power plants still operating today, unique in terms of architecture and equipment from the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The most interesting power plants are: Łapino, Bielkowo, Straszyn and Straszyn - Prędzieszyn.

An unusual place preserved in an almost untouched state is the enclave Otomina, or the "Amber Hill" Reserve located in the village of Bąkowo. It is an archaeological monument - the excavations of the worn out amber mine shafts have been preserved here in an unchanged state.

Another reserve is the "Kłodawa Valley", covering part of the river valley with its trough, with preserved unique forest vegetation.  The river valley cuts into the bottom moraine to a depth of 20 m.

In the lower part of the river there are old river beds; in the western part there are numerous spring beds. For centuries, specific geographical conditions have also shaped the culture of the Kashubian population living here. Evidence of the influence of the landscape on people's activities, material and spiritual culture has been preserved in the names of the villages or folk rituals.

The one and a half century rule of the Teutonic Knights contributed to the economic development of the region, but the ethnic structure in the eastern Kashubian region changed as a result of the introduction of settlers from Germany, while at the same time some of the former inhabitants took over their customs and language. From this period, unique sacral monuments remained. The most interesting of them is the church in Pręgowo with unique wall frescoes from the 14th century. This process began to deepen when Martin Luther's teachings spread in Gdańsk and its immediate vicinity. The time of the Partitions of Poland did the rest. In these areas, so close to Gdańsk, a typical mixture of faith and culture took place. The region took on a specific character, which taught the inhabitants tolerance and respect for different customs. 

The status of inhabitants in the Highland in the 17th century was completely different than in Żuławy Gdańskie. In spite of being incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland, it still had a grand-giving and serfdom system, which was very beneficial for Gdańsk and not much for the Highland itself. Even the Kashubian nobility was often poorer than the rich peasants of Żuławy. However, the situation in the Kashubian countryside had a very lively influence on the development of Gdańsk production at that time, as well as the increase in serfdom of peasants.

The greatest flourishing of the Gdańsk Highland is in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was then that the Kashubians began to benefit from the civilisational development that took place in the Prussian state. Kashubian intelligentsia was created. It was then that summer residences and palaces surrounded by beautiful parks were built in the Gdańsk Highland. The first paper mills and hammers were built. The most interesting object is the Museum of the Old Paper Mill from 1877 in Łapin, from where the first trolley railway in Poland leads among the magnificent landscapes of the Radunia River Gorge and Łapiński Lake. Since the Middle Ages, the Radunia River has supplied water through a canal to the great mill in Gdańsk, and after several power plants were built on it, also electricity to Gdańsk.